Aporte de carbono e de nutrientes com o uso de polihalita em sistema plantio direto
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O sistema plantio direto com rotação diversificada de culturas tem sido considerado uma das estratégias mais eficazes para melhorar a sustentabilidade da agricultura e minimizar perdas de solo e nutrientes por erosão em regiões tropicais e subtropicais. A acidez subsuperficial de solos sob plantio direto é um sério impedimento para o crescimento do sistema radicular das plantas e o aporte de carbono (C) ao longo do perfil. O gesso agrícola é amplamente utilizado para a melhoria do ambiente radicular no subsolo. As aplicações de calcário e gesso se constituem em estratégias eficientes para melhorar a atividade biológica, o estoque de C, o desempenho fisiológico das plantas e a produtividade das culturas. A polihalita é um fertilizante potássico alternativo que, além de potássio (K), contém cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg) e enxofre (S) na forma de sulfato. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o aporte de C e de nutrientes (Ca, Mg, K e S) no sistema de produção sob plantio direto com o uso de polihalita. O experimento foi realizado em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, sob sistema plantio direto, na Fazenda Escola “Capão da Onça”, da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, PR. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de um controle (com KCl) e de aplicações de gesso agrícola (com KCl), polihalita em cada cultura (trigo, soja e milho) e polihalita em dose total antecipada nas culturas de trigo, soja e milho. As avaliações foram realizadas após dois ciclos sequenciais da sucessão trigo–soja–aveia preta–milho. A aveia preta foi cultivada para produção de biomassa visando cobertura do solo, sem fertilizantes. Por meio de avaliações do aporte de C pela biomassa das culturas, das atividades das enzimas β-glicosidase e arilsulfatase, e dos estoques de C orgânico e de nutrientes no solo foi avaliado o potencial da polihalita no aporte de C e nutrientes em sistema plantio direto. O uso de polihalita demonstrou proporcionar incremento de C da biomassa das culturas por meio de aumento na produtividade acumulada de grãos, resultando em correlação positiva com estoque de C orgânico total do solo, embora sem acréscimos estatísticamente significativos entre os tratamentos. A atividade da enzima β-glicosidase foi maior com a aplicação de gesso e a atividade da enzima arilsulfatase não foi influenciada pelos tratamentos. O uso de polihalita demonstrou potencial para aumentar o aporte de C da biomassa das culturas e o estoque C orgânico total e de nutrientes, especialmente S, no solo.
No-till farming with diversified crop rotation has been considered one of the most effective strategies for improving agricultural sustainability and minimizing soil and nutrient losses due to erosion in tropical and subtropical regions. Subsoil acidity under no-till farming is a serious impediment to plant root system growth and carbon (C) input throughout the profile. Gypsum is widely used to improve the root environment in the subsoil. Applications of limestone and gypsum constitute efficient strategies to improve biological activity, C stock, plant physiological performance, and crop yield. Polyhalite is an alternative fertilizer that, in addition to potassium (K), contains calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) in the form of sulfate. This study aimed to evaluate the input of C and nutrients (Ca, Mg, K, and S) in a no-till production system using polyhalite. The experiment was conducted in a dystrophic Red Latosol under a no-till system at the "Capão da Onça" School Farm of the State University of Ponta Grossa, Parana State, Brazil. A randomized block design was used, with four treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of a control (with KCl) and applications of gypsum (with KCl), polyhalite in each crop (wheat, soybean, and corn), and polyhalite in a total rate applied in advance to wheat, soybean, and corn crops. Evaluations were performed after two sequential cycles of the wheat–soybean–black oat–corn succession. Black oat was grown for biomass production as a cover crop, without fertilizers. Through evaluations of C input by crop biomass, β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase enzyme activities, and organic C and nutrient stocks in the soil, the potential of polyhalite in supplying C and nutrients in a no-till system was assessed. The use of polyhalite showed potential to increase crop biomass carbon through enhanced cumulative grain yield, resulting in a positive correlation with total soil organic carbon stocks, although no statistically significant differences were observed among treatments. The activity of the β-glucosidase enzyme was higher with the application of gypsum, and the activity of the arylsulfatase enzyme was not influenced by the treatments. The use of polyhalite demonstrated potential to increase the supply of C in crop biomass and the total organic C and nutrient stock, especially S, in the soil.
No-till farming with diversified crop rotation has been considered one of the most effective strategies for improving agricultural sustainability and minimizing soil and nutrient losses due to erosion in tropical and subtropical regions. Subsoil acidity under no-till farming is a serious impediment to plant root system growth and carbon (C) input throughout the profile. Gypsum is widely used to improve the root environment in the subsoil. Applications of limestone and gypsum constitute efficient strategies to improve biological activity, C stock, plant physiological performance, and crop yield. Polyhalite is an alternative fertilizer that, in addition to potassium (K), contains calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) in the form of sulfate. This study aimed to evaluate the input of C and nutrients (Ca, Mg, K, and S) in a no-till production system using polyhalite. The experiment was conducted in a dystrophic Red Latosol under a no-till system at the "Capão da Onça" School Farm of the State University of Ponta Grossa, Parana State, Brazil. A randomized block design was used, with four treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of a control (with KCl) and applications of gypsum (with KCl), polyhalite in each crop (wheat, soybean, and corn), and polyhalite in a total rate applied in advance to wheat, soybean, and corn crops. Evaluations were performed after two sequential cycles of the wheat–soybean–black oat–corn succession. Black oat was grown for biomass production as a cover crop, without fertilizers. Through evaluations of C input by crop biomass, β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase enzyme activities, and organic C and nutrient stocks in the soil, the potential of polyhalite in supplying C and nutrients in a no-till system was assessed. The use of polyhalite showed potential to increase crop biomass carbon through enhanced cumulative grain yield, resulting in a positive correlation with total soil organic carbon stocks, although no statistically significant differences were observed among treatments. The activity of the β-glucosidase enzyme was higher with the application of gypsum, and the activity of the arylsulfatase enzyme was not influenced by the treatments. The use of polyhalite demonstrated potential to increase the supply of C in crop biomass and the total organic C and nutrient stock, especially S, in the soil.
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MOTA, Heloisa Machado da. Aporte de carbono e de nutrientes com o uso de polihalita em sistema plantio direto, 2026. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Agronomia) - Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, 2026.
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